No radiocarbon spike in 1098 to 1100
Brehm et al. annual tree-ring radiocarbon: 14C ages 1096 to 1102 wander by about plus or minus 15 years with no step; a 993-sized particle event would show as a drop of about 100. Expected for an auroral storm: even the 1859 Carrington storm left no radiocarbon mark.
How it connects
This clue from nature is a clue for
A great aurora in September 1098, seen in Europe, and perhaps in Kyoto?
This clue from nature we read it in
Brehm et al. 2021, Eleven-year solar cycles over the last millennium revealed by radiocarbon in tree rings, Nature Geoscience