Tree-ring summer wetness for lowland England, 1400 to 1650
Old World Drought Atlas, 48 grid squares over lowland England averaged (script: scripts/sweat_drought.py). Summer wetness index (positive = wet) around each outbreak: 1485: two years before -1.8, year before +0.8, outbreak summer +0.9 1508: -0.2, +1.3, +0.1 1517: +1.6, -3.3, -6.0 (one of the driest summers in 250 years) 1528: +2.8, +2.0, +2.9 1551: +2.0, +0.8, +0.5 Caveat: England has fewer old tree-ring series than central Europe, so the reconstruction there is less certain, and it measures summer conditions, not winter rain.